Polymers
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What is a condensation reaction ?
When a smaller molecule (typically H2O) is eliminated to form a larger molecule
How many monomers are condensation polymers usually formed from ?
Two
What are some examples of condensation polymers ?
Polyesters Polyamides Polypeptides
What is the linkage in a polyester ?
COOR (C=O C-O)
What molecule is eliminated in the formation of a polyester ?
H2O
What are the two molecules that form a polyester ?
• Two molecules with both carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups (both ends) • Eg. Diol and dicarboxylic acid
What is the generic repeating unit for a polyester ?
— CO — R — CO — O — R’ — O —
What monomers is Terylene made of ?
• Benzene 1-4dicarboxylic acid • Ethane-1,2-diol.
What is the repeating unit of terylene ?
• CO - C6H6 - CO - O - CH2 - CH2 - O -
What is terylene used for ?
As a fibre for making clothes
What is the linkage in a polyamide ?
— CO —NH —
What molecule is eliminated when a polyamide is formed ?
H2O
What are the two monomers used to form a polyamide ?
• Diamine • Dicarboxylic acid
What are examples of polyamides ?
Nylon and Kevlar
What are the monomers of Nylon-6,6 ?
• 1,6-diaminohexane • Hexandioic acid
What is the repeating unit of Nylon-6,6 ?
-NH-(CH2)4-NH-CO-(CH2)4-CO-
If you are making Nylon in a lab what monomers would you use and why ?
• Hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as it’s rate of reaction is far higher • HCl is eliminated.
What is Kevlar used for ?
In body armour
What monomers is Kevlar made from ?
• 1,4-diaminobenzene • Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid.
What is the repeating unit of Kevlar ?
— NH — C6H6 — NH — CO — C6H6 — CO —
Why is Kevlar so strong ?
Rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings
What are polypeptides ? What is the linkage ?
It’s the same linkage as polyamides (-CO-NH-), but is made from just one amino acid monomer
Draw a dipeptide
H2N-CHR-CO-NH-CHR’-COOH
Why are polyalkenes not biodegradable ?
None of its bonds are polar