U2-1-0 - N4 Revision
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Hydrocarbon
Compound which contains only carbon and hydrogen. E.g. C3H8
Products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide and water
Products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon monoxide and water
Chemical test for carbon dioxide
Limewater turns from clear to cloudy
Homologous series
A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.
General formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
General formula for alkenes
CnH2n
General formula for cycloalkanes
CnH2n
Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?
Alkene
Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?
Cycloalkane
Alkane, alkene or cycloalkane?
Alkane
Why is this structure classified as an alkane?
Single C–C bonds only, follows CnH2n+2
Why is this structure classified as a cycloalkane?
Ring structure, follows CnH2n
Why is this structure classified as an alkene?
Carbon to carbon double bond (C=C), follows CnH2n
Name ending for alkenes
-ene
Name prefix for cycloalkanes
Cyclo-
Name ending for alkanes
-ane
Name this compound
Methane
What is missing from the name? butene
Location of the double bond (but-1-ene)
Unsaturated compound
More hydrogens can be added on, e.g. C=C is present.
Chemical test for unsaturation
Unsaturated compounds rapidly decolourise bromine water.
Compounds from which homologous series will rapidly decolourise bromine water?
Alkenes (have C=C)
Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Which two homologous series are isomers of each other?
Alkenes and cycloalkanes