iron
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (14)
What are the symptoms of anaemia?
low blood pressure tiredness, light headiness heart palpitations (due to change in blood composition) shortness of breath cold extremities amenorrhea ( loss of period)
when is someone classed as having iron deficiency anaemia?
ferritin levels of less than 30ng/ml
what is Fe2 and Fe3 called?
ferrous and ferric iron
what are the cause of iron deficiency anaemia?
hookworm, HIV, Malaria, menstrual blood loss, diet, IBD, bleeding in GI tract e.g. chronic NSAIDs leading to ulcers/ cancer
how is IDA treated?
Ferrous sulphate (iron replacement therapy)
how is hereditary hemochromatosis treated?
• It is treated by phlebotomy (blood extracted and iron removed before being put back in the body)
what are the consequences of hemochromatosis
accumulation of iron in tissues = liver cirrhosis / fibrosis etc Fenton reactions produce free radicals = increased risk of cancer oxidative stress then can lead to cell death via apoptic signalling cardio myopathy, diabetes melitus due to pancreas damage etc
How are high hepcidin levels caused in anaemia of chronic disease?
Inflammatory conditions/ cytokines = excess hepcidin release
what effect does high levels of hepcidin have in ACD?
iron sequestered in organs such as liver and macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system inhibits erythropoietin (drives rbc maturation) therefore erythropoiesis is inhibited
what type of disorder is coeliac disease?
Autoimmune
what triggers coeliac disease?
component of gluten - gliadin
what response does the body have in coeliac disease
Gliadin = inflammatory response, antibody is produced against transglutaminase * This damages the microvilli in the small intestine- the integrity of tight junctions is compromised allowing molecules to diffuse through that shouldn’t including gliadin worsening the inflammatory response and causing more villus atrophy The villus surface is flattened reducing the large surface area for absorption
what are the symptoms of coeliac disease?
osmotic diarrheal (reduced absorption) pain - villous atrophy children - failure to thrive malnutrition = rickets, tooth decay etc distended stomach / muscle wastage