Dealing with Offending Behavior: Anger Management
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Novaco date
1975
Novaco suggested that cognitive factors trigger the
Emotional arousal that comes before aggressive acts
Novaco’s argument is that, in some people, anger is
Quick to surface in situations they perceive to be threatening or anxiety-inducing
Becoming angry is then reinforced by
The individuals feelings of control in that situation
CBT
Teach individuals to recognise anger - skills to deal with it
Anger management programmes are
A form of cognitive behaviour therapy
The individual is taught to
Recognise the cognitive factors that trigger their anger and loss of control and develop behavioural techniques that bring about conflict resolution without the need for violence
How many stages are there for anger management?
Three
What are the stages for anger management?
Stage 1 - cognitive preparation Stage 2 - skill acquisition Stage 3 - application practice
Stage 1 - cognitive preparation
This stage requires the offender to look back on past experience - learn to identify triggers to anger and the ways their interpretations of events may be irrational
Stage 2 - skill acquisition
In this stage offenders are introduced to a range of techniques and skills to help them deal with anger-provoking situations
What techniques will the offenders learn in stage 2?
Cognitive: positive self-talk to promote calmness Behavioural: assertiveness training to communicate more effectively Psychological: methods of relaxation and/or meditation
Stage 3 - application practice
In this stage offenders are given the opportunity to practice their skills in a carefully monitored environment
Keen et al Date
2000
Keen et al studied the progress of young offenders who took part in
An anger management programme
Keen et al - what were the ages of the participants
17-21
Keen et al - how many sessions did the participants do?
8 2 hour sessions
Originally in Keen et al’s study there was a problem with
Offenders forgetting their diaries and not taking it seriously
By the end of Keen et al’s experiment, the offenders reported
Increased awareness of their anger and capacity for self control
anger management works on
different levels
rather than focusing on superficial surface behavior
anger management addresses the thought processes underlying offending behavior
anger management may give offenders new insight into the causes of their
criminality which enables them to self-discover ways of managing themselves outside of prison
anger management is more likely than behavior modification to lead to
permanent behavior changes and lower rates of recidivism
Blackburn date
1993