Human Bio Chapter 5
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two main components of the cardio system
heart and blood vessels
2 functions of cardio system
1) being nutrients to cell and gets rid of waste 2) exchange of substances occur through interstitial fluid
How does the cardio system interact with the immune system
transport of immune cells, inflammatory response, blood flow regulation.
How does the cardio system interact with the digestive system
delivers nutrients from digestive system to interstitial fluid removes metabolic waste, delivering waste to excretory organs
How does the cardio system help maintain homeostasis
interacts with organ systems to keep body functioning effectively
structure and function of artery
-pump blood away from heart -endothelium, middle layer, and outer layer
structure and function of arterioles
• small arteries -middle layer is mostly smooth muscle • contracted, reduces blood flow -relaxed, increases blood flow
structure and function of veins
-carry blood toward the heart -3 layers -valves keep blood flowing in parts of body that goes against gravity -expand to hold more blood, 3x thinner than arteries
structure and function of capillaries
-between arterioles and venules -walls are made of endothelium -gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occurs
how does the artery contribute to blood flow
carries blood away from body
how does the arterioles contribute to blood flow
ensuring tissues receive the appropriate supple of oxygen and nutrients based on their current needs
how does the capillaries contribute to blood flow
gas exchange, regulating blood flow
how does the venules contribute to blood flow
collecting deoxygenated blood from capillaries, substance exchange, regulating of blood volume and pressure
how does the veins contribute to blood flow
returning deoxygenated blood back to heart, prevents backflow, facilitating blood movement
why is the structure of veins different than the arteries
walls of veins are thinner, meaning they can carry more blood and extend 3x the size that a arteries can.
how can the nervous systems prevent hemorrhaging
work together to minimize blood loss and stabilize the body, ensuring that vital organs continue the receive the correct blood supply
identify the four chambers of the heart
left atria, right atria left ventricle, right ventricle
explain blood flow through the heart
1) deoxygenated blood returns to the heart 2) right atrium to right ventricle 3) right ventricle to lungs 4) oxygenated blood returns to heart 5) left atrium to left ventricle 6) left ventricle to the body
what causes lub sounds in a heartbeat
closure of AV valves
what causes dub sounds in a heartbeat
closure of semilunar valves
internal controls of the heart
SA node (right atrium) initiates heartbeat by sending electrical signal (travel through gap junctions)
external controls of the heartbeat
cardiac control center in brain will increase or decrease the heart rate (depending on body’s needs) adrenaline will increase heart rate.
how does pulse relate to heart rate
surge of blood into an artery causes wall to expand and recoil. 60-80 beats per minute
explain blood flow/pressure in veins
characterized by low pressure valves and muscle pumps work together to ensure efficient return of blood to heart