Chemistry
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Acid (Arrheinus)
A substance that produces Hydrogen ions in water
Base (Arrheinus)
A substance that produces Hydroxide ions in water
Acid (Lawry Bronsted)
Proton(H+) donor
Base (Lawry Bronsted)
Proton (H+) acceptor
Hydrolysis
A reaction of salt and water
Ampholyte
A substance that can act as both an acid or a base
Concentration
The number of moles per unit volume of a solution
Concentrated acid
An acid with a large amount of solut (the acid) dissolved in small volume of solvent (water)
A dilute acid
A acid with small amount of solut (the acid)dissolved in a large volume solvent
pH of a solution
Number the acidity or alkalinity of a substance
Indicator
A compound that changes color according to the pH of the substance
Standard solution
A solution of known concentration
Homologus series
A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula
Esterification
The reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of H2SO4 to form an ester
Cracking
The process of breaking down carbon to carbon bonds in long hydrocarbon chains to form simpler and useful hydrocarbon chains
Concentration
The amount of solute per cubic decimeter of solution
Activation energy
The amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction with ought undergoing permanent change
Vapour pressure
The pressure exerted by a vapor at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system .
Chemical equilibrium
When the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
Open system
A system which continuously interacts with its environment. It changes matter with its environment
Closed system
A system which does not interact with its environment And only exchanges matter with its surroundings
La Chatelier’s Principle
When the equilibrium in a closed system is disturbed ,the system will re-instate a new equilibrium by favouring the reaction that will oppose the
Dynamic Equilibrium
Is established in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reacts take place at the same place at thesame rate and same time