Pathophysiology of inflammation
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what is physiology?
the science of the function of living things
what does pathophysiology mean?
the study of the disordered physiological process that causes/ results from or associated with a disease or injury
what does pathology mean?
the scientific study of the disease itself
what is disease?
A condition where the presence of an abnormailty is sufficient to cause a loss of normal health
what are some causes of inflammation?
Microbial infection Allergy Physical agents Chemicals Tissue necrosis
What are the 5 clinical features of acute inflammation?
Rubor - redness Calor - heat Tumor - swelling Dolor - pain Loss of function
what is suppuration?
When there is too much inflammation = this can lead to suppuration which is a process by which pus forms
what type of process is inflammation?
physiological process
what is cystitis?
inflammation of the bladder due to a urinary tract infection
what are inflammatory mediators?
messengers that act in cells and blood vessel to promote an inflammatory response.
what is the general mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
COX enzyme inhibitors
what are the sub-categories of inflammatory mediators?
• simple compounds (amines) • peptides and proteins • Eicosanoids (generated from fatty acid precursors)
examples of simple compound (amines) inflammatory mediators.
Histamine Serotonin (5HT)
examples of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators.
Prostanoids Leukotrienes Lipoxins Resolvins
examples of peptide and protein inflammatory mediators.
cytokinins bradykinin
What is included in the cytokines sub-category?
interleukins interferons (INF) chemokines colony stimulating factors
What is the role of interleukins?
Signal between white blood cells and other functions. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory
What is the role of interferons (INF)?
Interfere with viral replication
What is is the role of chemokines?
control the migration of white blood cells
What is the role of colony stimulating factors?
stimulate the formation of maturing colonies of WBC
what is the TNF?
Tumour Necrosis Factor; a signalling protein that binds to the transmembrane receptor and triggers activation of the inflammation pathway
what role does the complement cascade have?
Follow-up activation that maintains and amplifies process. Opsonisation
what role do lysosomes have?
Digests intracellular components. Fuse with phagosomes to down material
What is the vascular response for inflammation?
Vasodilation (Increase blood flow) An increase in vascular leakiness