Complex Ions
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Complex
A central metal atom or ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands
Co-ordinate bond In a complex?
A covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom. They come from the ligands
Ligand
An atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a central transition metal ion to form a co-ordinate bond
Co-ordination number Usual numbers
The number of co-ordinate bonds that are formed with the central metal ion. 6 and 4
Shape and bond angle of six co-ordinate bonds
Octahedral shape. 90 degree bond angles
Two types of shapes and bond angles of four co-ordinate bonds
Usually tetrahedral and 109.5 degree bond angles. Can form square planar and 90 degree bond angles
Shape and bond angle of silver complexes with two co-ordinate bonds
Linear shape. 180 degree bond angles
Oxidation State of the Metal Ion
The total oxidation state - the sum of the oxidation states of the ligands