The internet and its uses
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What is the Internet?
A global infrastructure of interconnected networks
What is the World Wide Web?
All of the web pages that are accessible via the Internet.
What is a URL and what does it stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator Each web page has its own unique text-based address
What is the purple part of this URL called?
Protocol
What is the red part of this URL called?
Host
What is the blue part of this URL called?
Domain Name
What is the green part of this URL called?
Web page / file name
What is a protocol?
A set of rules for communication between devices. It allows equipment from different suppliers to work together
What does HTTP stand for?
HyperText Transfer Protocol
What is HTTP?
The standard transmission protocol of the Web
What is the problem with HTTP?
Any data you enter into the site is sent in plaintext and is susceptible to hacking
What does HTTPS stand for?
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
What is HTTPS?
A secure protocol that encrypts any data sent between the website and your browser so that it can’t be understood if intercepted.
What are the functions of a browser?
Storing bookmarks and favourites Recording user history Storing cookies Providing navigation tools Allowing use of multiple tabs Providing an address bar
What does HTML stand for and what is it?
Hypertext Markup Language The standard markup language for creating web pages
What is an IP address?
A public address that is unique to each device. Every networked computer has an IP address
What does a Domain Name Server do?
It converts a URL address into an IP address This means that a browser on a client machine can make a request to the correct web server hosting that web page
What happens if the DNS server doesn’t have an entry for the domain name?
It passes the request to a more authoritative DNS server. An error is sent back if no match is found.
What are cookies?
Text files with small pieces of data
What do cookies do?
They are used to track user preferences, hold items in a shopping cart, store login details and other personal details
What are session cookies?
They are created and replaced each time a user visits a website
What are persistent cookies?
They are created and saved on the first visit and retained until they expire
What advantages come from using cookies for a retailer on an online shopping site?
The retailer can send personalised email advertisements to customers The retailer can analyse quantity and value of sales/advertising The retailer can implement one-click purchasing
What are the advantages for the user when visiting an online shopping site that uses cookies?
They will not need to remember login details They can use one-click purchasing Websites will remember their personal customisations