Bacteria(Complete)
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What are the general characteristics of kingdom monera?
Unicellular Prokaryotic Carry out respiration Have ribosomes Varied nutrition Normally reproduce asexually Play a major role in the decomposition of dead organisms causing mineral recycling
What is a prokaryotic organism?
No nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
How do you classify bacteria?
By shape
Classify bacteria according to their shape.
Coccus Rod Spiral
Give an example of coccus bacteria.
Streptococcus which causes septic throat.
Give an example of rod bacteria.
E. Coli in the colon, others cause tetanus.
Give an example of spiral bacteria.
Causes cholera and syphilis
Describe two benefits of bacteria. E.G- Economic importance of bacteria
Beneficial bacteria: Lactobacillus sp. Produce yoghurt and cheese. Genetically modified bacteria produce insulin
Describe two drawbacks of bacteria. E.G- Economic importance of bacteria.
Harmful bacteria: Bacteria causes food decay,e.g lactobacillus causes milk to turn sour. Can cause human, plant and animal diseases: Strep throat, food poisoning, tetanus, cholera, leaf spot disease, bovine mastitis.
What is the structure of the bacterial cell wall?
It is composed of protein and carbohydrates. It is fully permeable- allows all substances through.
What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?
Prevents the cell from bursting due to the entry of water by osmosis.
What is the structure of the bacterial cell membrane?
It is composed of a lipid bilayer. It has infoldings where aerobic respiration occurs.
What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
It is selectively permeable meaning that it does not allow all substances to pass through.
What is the structure of the bacterial cytoplasm?
Jelly like liquid that surrounds the single chromosome.
What is the function of the bacterial cytoplasm?
It suspends the ribosomes and storage granules.
What is the structure of the bacterial plasmid?
It is a self-replicating loop of DNA.
What are the functions of the bacterial plasmid?
It contains cloning vectors for genetic engineering. It has genes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
What is the structure of the bacterial capsule?
A semi-solid slime layer.
What are the functions of the bacterial capsule?
It prevents the bacterial cell from drying out. It hosts the immune system.
What are the functions of the bacterial flagellum?
It is responsible for the movement of the bacterial cell in order to find food and good growing conditions.
What is the name of the asexual reproduction in bacteria?
Binary fission.
Describe the process of binary fission.
The cell grows bigger in size. DNA replicates, there are now two chromosomes present. The cell elongates, the 2 chromosomes are now further apart. The cell membrane and cell wall infold and create two genetically identical cells called clones.
How often does binary fission occur?
Every 20 minutes.
What are the consequences of binary fission?
Infection can produce symptoms rapidly. Due to the short life-cycle( binary fission occurring every 20 mins), mutations become significant. e.g, antibiotic-resistant bacteria can suddenly appear in large numbers, ie, MRSA. Bacteria produce efficient returns of product in the industry.