C1. The Particulate Nature of Matter
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Solids have _____ volume
Fixed
Liquids have a _____ volume
Fixed
Gases have a _____ volume
Gases do not have a fixed volume
Solids have a ____ density
High density
Liquids have a ____ density
Medium density Solids > Liquids > Gases
Gases have a ____ density
Very low density
Melting occurs
At a specific temperature (Melting point, m.p) Heat energy transforms into Kinetic energy, allowing particles to move
Boiling occurs
At a specific temperature (boiling point, b.p) Heat causing bubbles of gas to form below the surface of a liquid, allowing for liquid particles to escape
Freezing occurs
Occurs at the exact same temperature as melting (m.p and f.p of a pure substance are the same) Reverse of melting
Evaporation occurs
Occurs over a range of temperatures Only when the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape
Condensation occurs
Occurs over a range of temperatures when cooled, gas lose energy and so when they bump into eachother they lack the energy to bounce away and instead form groups together into a liquid
What are the 3 changes of states?
Mass is conserved Physical change Reversible
Conservation of mass?
When a substance changes state, the Mass is conserved (stays the same)
three states of matter are [3]
solid, liquid and gas
what takes place at the melting point? [2]
melting and freezing
what takes place at boiling point? [2]
boiling and condensation
what are is the structures of matter in terms of particles? [3]
Gas particles hold the most energy, are spread farther apart with a random motion liquid particles > solids but < gases, solids have the little energy, solid particles don’t move but vibrate
describe an ion [1]
a positively or negatively charged atom due to chemical reaction (bonding)
describe a molecule [1]
group of atoms joined together
describe an atom [1]
structure of an element, what makes up everything
what is diffusion? [1]
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration