immunity
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what are the 2 major groups for primary defence
mechanical and chemical
name 2 mechanical defences
skin and mucous membrane
name chemical defences
stomach acid and lysozyme (in tears and saliva)
name the 5 major secondary defences
antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation and fever
name 2 antimicrobial proteins
stomach interferon and transferrins
name the purpose of nk cells
destroy cells by perforating the plasma membrane
role of phagocytes
engulf foreign cells
role of fever as secondary defence
increasing internal temp enhances interferon and inhibits microbial growth, speeding up repair
what are the 2 types of lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
what do B-cells produce
antibodies known as immunoglobulins
name the 5 different antibodies
REMEMBER- GAMED igG- main antibody igA- secretory antibody igM- released into plasma igE- associated with allergies and igD- attached to b-cell and acts as antigen receptor
where do b-cells develop their immunocompetence
red bone marrow
what are t-cells role
to mediate immune response
what is one thing t-cells develop into
T killer-cells that can directly attack invading pathogen
what is the other thing t-cells develop into
t helper-cells that help both antibody and cells response
which lymphocytes produce memory cells
both T and B cells do
what do memory cells allow for
they allow for second response to be more efficient
what do memory cells have a memory of
the invading antigen
what are the two types of immunity classified as
active immunity and passive immunity
explain a naturally acquired active immunity
being infected by contact with pathogen
explain an artificially acquired passive immunity
immune injection (gamma globulin)
define autoimmune response
the body fails to recognise self from non-self and attacks own cells
name 2 autoimmune disease
ms- multiple sclerosis- destroys myelin of nerve system and rheumatoid arthritis- destroys cartilage of own joint
another term used for allergies
hypersensitivity