4.3 HALOGENS
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What group are the halogens in
7
Why does the melting/boiling point of the halogens increase as you go down the group
• The molecules become larger • So the intermolecular forces become stronger • More energy is needed to overcome these intermolecular forces.
What is special about all the halogens molecular formular
They are all diatomic (have a 2 e.g Br2)
What type of structure are the halogens
Simple molecular substances, covalently bonded
What happens to the trend of colours of the halogens as you go down the group
They get darker as you go down
Formula, colour and state of fluorine
• F2 • Very Pale Yellow • Gas
Formula, colour and state of Chlorine
• C2 • Pale Green • Gas
Formula, colour and state of Bromine
• Br2 • Orange • Liquid
Formula, colour and state of Iodine
• I2 • Dark Grey • Solid
Formula, colour and state of Astatine
• At2 • Black • Solid
What halogen is volatile
Bromine
What does iodine do easily
Sublime
What fumes does iodine release
Purple
What fumes does bromine release
Orange
When a halogen reacts with a metal, what compound is formed and how is it a redox reaction
An ionic compound. The halogen becomes reduced as it gains an electron, and the metal becomes oxidised as it loses an electron(s)
Define Halide Formation
When a halogen reacts with another substance, gains an electron and becomes a negative ion
What are the 3 properties of hydrogen halides
• Are all gases • Dissolve easily in water • Become strong acids
When halogens become halide ions, what happens to the ending of their names
It changes to ‘-ide’ For example: Chlorine → Chloride
Why do the halogens get less reactive as you go down the periodic table?
• As you go down the table • The atoms get larger, so have more electron shells • The outer shell of electrons, gets further away from the positive attraction of the nucleus • And it’s shielded by more complete electron shells • The further the outer shell of electrons is from the positive attraction of the nucleus, the harder it is to attract another electron to complete the outer shell as the attraction is weaker • So the reactivity decreases the further you go down the group
Chemical test for chlorine
Damp blue litmus paper is turns white as it is bleached
What is the colour of hydrogen chloride
Colourless
What type of structure is hydrogen chloride
Simple molecular covalent structure
What state is hydrogen chloride at room temperature
Gas
What is dissociation
The separating of ions within H2O