1.6 Ethical, legal, cultural and environmental impacts of digital technology

1) Ethical 2) Legal 3) Cultural 4) Environmental 5) Privacy

1) Freedom of expression is an absolute right 2) The Internet is different to other media since anyone can be an author or broadcaster 3) The Internet grows too quickly for filtering to be effective 4) Censorship is bad for democracy 5) Parents should take more responsibility

1) Number plate recognition 2) Face recognition 3) Electronic tagging 4) Cell phone locations and GPS technology 5) Recording Internet browsing history 6) Retention of personal data 7) Smart listening devices

1) Data encryption makes it private 2) Voice input is convenient 3) Processing sound data allows for additional functionality 4) Can assist disabled users 5) Intelligence may save lives 6) If you have nothing to hide then privacy isn’t an issue 7) Data is not recorded for other purposes

1) The Internet is no different to other media: radio, TV, newspapers etc. 2) The Internet has harmful, offensive, and illegal content 3) Children should be better protected 4) Profit making organisations on the Internet should share responsibility for policing the Internet they have created

1) Invasion of privacy 2) TV may also be taking video footage 3) Data is sent over the Internet for processing 4) The data may not be used just for the purpose intended

1) The pace of technological change and the effect on society (e.g. mobile phones, social networking, online shopping) 2) The digital divide and unequal access to the Internet 3) Censorship and the Internet 4) Cultural influences of developers on software

Harmful materials include: dioxins, chromium, mercury, cadmium, radioactive isotopes. Computing technology is often shipped to countries with lower standards for disposal. People trawl through waste looking for metals to be recycled and sold, exposing themselves to danger.

Data controllers must be able to prove that their data protection measures are sufficient

1) Data must be processed lawfully, fairly, and in a transparent manner 2) Data must be collected for specified, explicit, and legitimate reasons 3) Data must be adequate, relevant, and limited 4) Data must be accurate and kept up to date 5) Data must be kept for no longer than is necessary 6) Data must be processed in a manner that ensures security of the data

An example of a piece of legislation which has had to be created to keep up with technology

General Data Protection Regulation

It is illegal to make any unauthorised access to data with the intent to commit further offences or with the intent to modify data (e.g. viruses, blackmail, deleting data)

1) Unauthorised work 2) Planting viruses 3) Hacking 4) Deliberate data destruction 5) Data theft 6) Fraud

It is illegal to copy, modify, or distribute software, music, videos, or other intellectual property without permission from the original creator

1) Data Protection Act 2018 2) Computer Misuse Act 1990 3) Copyright Designs & Patents Act 1988

Theft by a business of the methods and ideas of other ICT businesses

The main problem is people taking credit for other people’s original work. Furthermore, the original perpetrator can be difficult to identify as this data is shared.

1) no need to travel to the bank 2) can access the bank 24/7 3) can access the bank on mobile devices 4) instant decisions on loans 5) less personal service 6) potentially open to hacking

1) may lose jobs due to closure of the branch 2) new types of jobs created 3) new working practices to adopt, or different skill-set required

1) less overheads: staff, utility bills, rent, etc. 2) targeted marketing to customers 3) responsibilities for data protection

1) other local shops may suffer from less revenue as there are less people in the town centres 2) small businesses rely on a local service 3) elderly and vulnerable customers in particular value local services

1) Increase profits 2) Increased production 3) Loss of jobs 4) Less overheads: staff, buildings, utility bills 5) Less personal service 6) 24/7 service

1) Users can modify and distribute the software 2) Can be installed on any number of computers 3) Support provided by the community 4) Users have access to the source code 5) May not be fully tested