B3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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pathogen?
microorganism that causes diseases
4 types of pathogens
bacteria , virus , fungi , protists
how does bacteria make us feel ill?
-once inside the human body they reproduce very rapidly. - release harmful chemicals called toxins - toxins damage tissue makes us feel ill
how does a virus make us feel ill?
-virus invades the host cell - reproduces (very damaging to the cell) - when the virus leaves it can cause the cell to burst open and die.
how to reduce the spread of pathogens
washing hands provided with clean drinking water (uk water contains chlorine which kills microbes) condom isolated vaccination
how do pathogens spread?
air (influenza) water (cholera) direct contact (hiv)
can viruses be treated with antibiotics?
no
symptoms of measles?
fever and the red rash
how is measles spread?
droplets (when an infected person coughs or sneezes) the virus then passes onto a different person when these droplets are inhaled.
what happen if you have measles?
complications can develop , these can cause damage to brain and breathing system.
how is the spread of measles reduced?
child are vaccinated at a young age
what is hiv?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system.
symptons of hiv?
flu like illness
how does hiv make us feel ill?
the virus is attacking the cells of the patient’s immune system (over time its becomes damaged). at some point the immune system becomes so damaged it can’t fight off other infections that other people can deal with e.g cancer cells. when the immune system is at highly damaged staged it can easily contract other infections e.g tb the patient may also develop cancer (patient is described as having late stage hiv or AIDS)
how can hiv be treated?
antiretroviral drugs (stops the virus from reproducing inside the patient so it doesn’t damage the immune system) , do not go on to lead to AIDS , theyre not a cure and they must be taken for the rest of their lives.
how is hiv spread?
exchange of fluids unprotected sex shared infected needles, blood containing hiv
is salmonella food poisoning and gonorrhoea communicable diseases?
yes
how can bacteria be killed
antibiotics
how is salmonella food poisoning spread
by ingesting infected food (kind of food prepared in unhygienic conditions)
symptons of salmonella?
fever abdominal cramping vomitting diarrhoea
where is salmonella found?
poultry e.g chicken in the uk all chicken are vaccinated which controls the spread of the disease.
what is gonorrhoea?
sexually transmitted disease
symptons of gonorrhoea
thick yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina pain when urinating
how can gonorrhoea be treated?
antibiotic penicillin (antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria now common)