Metals
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Where are metals found in the periodic table?
left hand side
ionisation energy of metals
low
do metals lose or gain electrons? why?
tend to lose valence electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule
octet rule
gain valence shell with 8 electrons
what type of ions do metals form?
positive ions (cation)
metalloids
look like metals have some metal properties some non-metal properties
elemental metals
all atoms have same atomic number but can be isotopes
do elemental metals lose or gain electrons?
lose valence electrons delocalise
metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalised electrons
in what direction does metallic bonding work?
non-directional
is the bond affected if ions or electrons move around?
no
how does ion charge affect bond strength?
higher charge ion = stronger attraction
how does radius affect bond strength?
smaller radius = stronger attraction
alloy
mixture of metals, more than one element mixed together
What is the purpose of alloys?
enhances a given property
why do metals conduct electricity as solids and liquids?
delocalised electrons are very mobile can move through the metal structure
metals are malleable
metallic bond non-directional so lattice and electrson can move but bonding remains in tact as the shape changes
malleable
shaped by pressure
melting point increases across period
higher charge so require more energy to melt
melting point decreses down a group
same charged ion same number of delocalised electrons ionic radius increases as number of shells increases therefore less energy required to overcome bonding
alloys have properties different to the metals they’re made from
non-directional bonding means lattice can be disturbed but still have attraction different packing of cations leads to different properties
Why are metals shiny and lustrous?
delocalised electrons in metal structure reflect light?
How are alloys produced?
adding one metal to another in molten state so atoms can mix
How are alloys possible?
non-directional nature of delocalised electrons lattice can accomodate ions of different sizes