Polar Covalent Bonds, Electronegativity, Bond Dipoles
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Electronegative element attracts electrons, an electropositive one _
Donates them
Element in covalent bond that pulls electron towards itself is slightly _
More negative (partial negative charge)
Symbol that indicates partial negative and partial positive charge look like _
Letter s with closed bottom and a +-
Another way of illustrating electron polarization is by using an _
Electrostatic potential map
An electrostatic potential map uses _ to show the charge distribution
ROYGBIV
On rainbow arrow _ signifies positively charged region of molecule
Blue
H-H bond, being neutral, is _ color on electrostatic potential map
Yellow/green color
Most commonly used electronegativity scale was devised by _
Linus Pauling
Electronegativity decreases going down the column of _
Halogens
_ second most electronegative element
Oxygen
Dipole moment symbol
u with another tail in front of
Dipole moment is amount of charge e multiplied by _
Distance d between centers of charge (u = e x d)
Charge on an electron is _ electrostatic units (esu)
4.80 x 10-10
Distance within a molecule typically falls in the _ cm range
10-8
Molecular dipole moments are on the order of _ esu x cm
10-18
To simplify reporting of dipole moment, value of 10-18 esu x cm is defined as _
Debye, D.
Dipole moment of hydrogen fluoride, 1.7 x 10-18 esu x cm stated as _
1.7 D
The kinds of reactions that a substance undergoes can often be related to _
Size and direction of key bind dipoles