Week 8: Trauma
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What is the scene size up?
• safety • cause • environment • number of casualties • equipment/extra back up
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion
What are the 3 physical principles?
• kinetic energy • newtons first law of motion • laws of conservation of energy
What is the law of conservation of energy?
• energy cannot be created or destroyed • only changed from one form to another
What is newtons first law of motion?
• body in motion stays in motion unless acted on by outside force • body at rest stays in rest unless acted in by outside force
What are the mechanisms of injury?
• three collisions concept • motor vehicle collisions • falls • penetrating injuries • blast injuries
How do blunt injuries occur?
by a rapid forwards deceleration or a rapid vertical deceleration or energy transfer from blunt objects
How do penetrating injuries occur?
• projectiles • knives • falls upon fixed objects
What are the two types of trauma?
Blunt or penetrating
What are the 5 major types of vehicle collisions?
• head on • rear end • lateral • rotational • roll over
What is the three collisions concept?
Three impacts occur to: - vehicle - occupants - occupants organs
What 3 factors do fall injuries depend on?
• distance of fall • anatomic area impacted • surface hit
How are stab wounds identified?
Damage confined to wound track
What does brain injury result from?
• direct injury to the brain tissue • external forces applied to outside of skull transmitted to the brain • movement of brain inside skull
What are types of brain injuries?
• concussion • cerebral contusion • diffuse axonal injury
Where does a coup injury occur?
Under the site of the impact with an object
Where does a countercoup injury occur?
Occurs on the opposite side to where the injury occoured
What is a secondary brain injury caused by?
Hypoxia or perfusion of the brain
What can a primary injury to the brain cause?
• reduced level on consciousness • airway obstruction • poor ventilation
How would you manage a head trauma patient?
• secure and maintain the airway and c-spine control • consider ventilations • spo2 • rr • check chest expansion
What must you feel for in a head injury?
• feel sides, back, top, and front of the skull • feel face, forehead, orbits ion the eyes, cheekbones, nose and jawbone
What is the correct management overview for a head injury?
• manage catastrophic bleed, and airway problems • continue c-spine immobilisation • provide high level of O2 • consider need for assisted ventilations • manage external bleeding • request senior support • monitor and reassess vital signs • equipment available for airway/breathing changes • cover patient to prevent heat loss
What can blunt trauma cause?
Damage underlying structures causing internal bleeding and significant pain
What can penetrating trauma cause?
Puncture abdominal organs and vessels and promote significant bleeding and leaking or organs contents