Final

fats, carbs, protein

vitamins, minerals

amount of energy required to raise the temp of one liter of water by one degree celsius

the ratio differs

• mouth • esophagus • stomach • small intestine • large intestine • rectum

acidic, mixing, some protein breakdown

where most digestion and absorption occurs, help from gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes

stores waste before elimination, reabsorbs water and salts, absorbs water soluble vitamins

makes bile

stores bile to be released in the small intestine

creates enzymes to aid in digestion, and insulin/glucagon to regulate blood sugar

mouth - enzymes in saliva stomach = enzymes inactivated small intestine - pancreatic enzymes - poly into mono and di

stomach - acid and enzymes start breakdown small intestine - pancreatic enzymes continue digestion and absorption of amino acids

carbs that require little to no digestion (absorbed quickly in the beginning of small intestine) have a high glycemic index, spike blood sugar

helps break down large fat globules into smaller droplets that are easier for digestive enzymes to break down, made in liver, stored gallbladder

areas that lack access to fresh, healthy, affordable food area poverty rate = 20% urban - 33% 1 mile from store rural - 33% 10 miles from store

small intestine - bile emulsifies enables breakdown into fatty acids and cholesterol by enzymes, absorption

collection of all microbes that naturally live on our bodies and inside us

discourage harmful bacteria - competition, natural antibiotics produces helpful substances - vitamin K

1;1

mode of delivery - c-section babies don’t get same microbes as babies born from vaginal canal

feeding, geograph location, family members, maternal diet

presence of pets/siblings,

diet, host genetics, bile acids, oxygen levels, environment, antibiotics, immune response