General Pharm

Vasodilation - Increase bradykinin Lower blood pressure • Prevent vasoconstriction • Reduce sodium retention • Reduce water retention Increased cardiac function • Reduce preload and afterload • Decrease vascular resistance • Increase cardiac output

Benazepril Enalapril Ramipril

CHF (dogs, cats, ferrets) Hypertension (dogs, 1st choice)

Can cause: Hypotension GI disturbances Care: Hypovolaemia Hyponatraemia Acute Kidney Injury Azotaemia

Sympathomimetic - Act on alpha-2 adrenoreceptors and mimic ligand binding Leading to: • Vasoconstriction, hypertension • Reflex bradycardia • Analgesia • Muscle relaxation • Sedation / anxiolysis • Diuresis • Uterine contraction

Xylazine Detomidine Medetomidine Romifidine

Hyperglycaemia Sedation Mild respiratory depression Gut hypomotility Vomiting Diuresis Hypertension Caution in: Cardiovascular disease Pregnancy Diabetes V&D

Sedation Anaesthetic protocol Inducing emesis in cats

GABAergic - Enhance effects of GABA at GABA/Cl- channel complexes

Anxiety / Anxiolysis Skeletal muscular spasms Anti-convulsant Analgesia (colic) Pre-medication in anaesthesia

Diazepam Midazolam

Mild respiratory suppression Mild cardiovascular suppression Increase excitement in healthy animals Caution with: CNS depression patients Hepatic dysfunction / encephalopathy Respiratory depression

Acepromazine

CNS Depressant Peripheral vasodilation Uses: Sedation Pre-medication for anaesthesia Antiemetic Feline thromboembolism management Increasing laminar perfusion Urethral spasms

Hypotension Cardiovascular disease Hepatic disease Anaemia

Timolol Betaxolol Atenolol Propanolol Esmolol

Adrenergic blocking drugs • Block beta-1 and -2 receptors • Decrease aqueous production in eye

Anti-arrhythmic Glaucoma Anxiety Hypertension

Bradycardia Bronchoconstriction Caution in: Cardiovascular disease Asthma Low body weight

Cholinergic/mimetic • Simulate acetylcholine effects • Act as cholinergic receptor agonists OR Acetylcholinesterase inhibition Leading to: • Smooth muscle contraction • Vasodilation • Reduced heart rate • Increased bodily secretions

Bethanechol Pilocarpine Neostigmine Edrophonium

Bladder atony Myasthenia gravis diagnosis Acute myasthenic crises Atrial tachycardia

Bradycardia Hypotension Vomiting Diarrhoea Caution with: Renal impairment Bronchial disease (esp. feline asthma) Peritonitis GI / urinary obstructions Uveitis

Prazosin Atipamezole Phenoxybenzamine