Soil Surface, Acidity and Nutrients

Soil chemistry, nutrients for plant growth and those toxic

Particles larger than molecules yet small enough to remain microscopic

Electrostatic properties and specific surface area

Soil humus, clay minerals

1:1 with one lay silica then one Al hydroxide, and 2:1 with two silica layers

Physical properties like shrinking/swelling in response to mooisture and different charge characteristics

Humus strictly humic compounds whilst others products of decompostion

Hydroxyl, carboxyl, phenol and benzene

Fulvic acids Humic acids

Size, shape, composition and electrostatic charge

This is where purity of a substance is impeded by introduction by another element, changing charge imbalance

Tetrahedral

Without dissociation from water…

H in OH-R disassociate leaving a negatively charged O-R

Decreasing tightness further from the charged surface

Innermost stern layer whilst outer diffue layer

Is the total negative charges within a soil adsorbing plant nutrient cations

Ability to supply nutrients like K, Ca and Mg

High colloidal particle concentration

Amount of variable and permanent exchange surfaces a soil has

Repulsion

Variable charge nature, nutrient availability, microbial activity and toxin release

Acidic soils have high exchangeable ions like Al, whilst alkaline more Na, Ca and Mg

Binds colloids and prevents soil ability to retain base cations, resulting in stunted root development through mitotic inhibition.