Genetic Inheritance
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What is a mutation?
An error which occurred in the copying process
What is an allele? And how is it different from a gene?
Alleles a different versions of a gene and whether it is a dominant or recessive trait. They are different compared to gene as it is a specific type of gene.
What’s the difference between a gentotype and a phenotype? Provide an example.
A genotype is the genetic make up of an organism whereas how the genotype is expressed as the appearance or function of the genotype is called an organisms phenotype. For example, blue eyes is the photo type and bb is the genotype for blue eyes.
What does a dominant allele refer to?
If one of the alleles is dominate to the other, it will always be expressed (shown)
How do we represent dominant and recessive alleles?
They represented using letters. Capital letters are used for dominant alleles and lowercase for recessive alleles.
What does ‘homozygous dominant’ mean?
If two alleles are the same than the organism is homozygous meaning it is the same. Dominant means it will always be expressed.
What does ‘homozygous recessive’ mean?
It will only be visible if both alleles or recessive and no dominant alleles. It will be in the form of a lowercase letter.
What does ‘hetrozygous’ mean?
If the alleles are different, they are heterogeneous. Although the dominant will still take over and be expressed.
What is a punnet square?
A planet square is a table that shows all possible outcomes of offspring in the likelihood have each result.
What is a predigree?
A diagram that shows how individuals in a family are genetically related and how certain traits were inherited over multiple generations.
What is the shape for a male and female in a pedigree?
Male= square Female= circle
What ides a shaded shape indicate in a pedigree?
An individual is affected/carries an inherited trait.
What did Gregor Mendel discover?
Through is experiment on pea plants, Mendel discovered genetic inheritance patterns.