Unit 1 Topic 1 - Classification

Natural order - set benchmark on how we think about life

Inspired Linneaeus

Published the kingdom classification system. First modern practitioner of taxonomy.

Grouping system based on shared observable anatomical characteristics.

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Unicellular, no nucleus

Unicellular, has nucleus

Uni/multicellular, has nucleus, decomposers

Multicellular, has nucleus, photosynthetic

Multicellular, has nucleus, heterotrophic

Similarities/differences in observable morphology (anatomical observations) and nutritional requirements of organisms

rRNA which becomes part of ribosome

Mutations (permanent changes in DNA sequence) that occur over time

The fewest differences

More differences

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Bacteria and Archaea in the new 3-Domain Classification system

Prokaryotic (no nucleus), single-celled, cell walls made of peptidoglycan, radius/length of 1-5 micrometers

Prokaryotic (no nucleus), single-celled, cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan, radius/length of 1-5 micrometers

Eukaryotic, single or multicellular, cells walls (if present) made of cellulose or chitin, a single eukaryotic cell is 10x larger than a prokaryotic cell

Have multiple linear DNA molecules, 80s ribosomes, has a plasma (cell) membrane, has cytosol, endomembrane system (chloroplasts, ER, Golgi, nucleus), and large

Single circular DNA molecule, 70s ribosomes, has plasma (cell) membrane, cytosol, no membrane-bound organelles, very small

Kingdom (most general) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most specific)