Health and Illness and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
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What is the WHO’s definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is functional ability?
A combination of intrinsic ability and environmental factors
Give an example of 2 intrinsic abilities which influence functional ability
• Physical abilities 2. Mental abilities
Give 3 examples of environmental factors which influence functional ability
• Transport • Housing • Relationships
What is healthy ageing?
Process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age
What type of patient may struggle to achieve “complete” physical, mental and social well-being?
Patients living with chronic disease
What is oral health?
A standard of health of the oral and related tissues without active disease
Describe what oral health state should enable an individual to do
Allow an individual to eat, speak and socialize without discomfort or embarrassment and contribute to general wellbeing
What is disease, according to Daly et al, 2013?
Named pathology diagnosed by objective tests and clinical signs
What is illness, according to Daly et al, 2013?
Subjective response to being unwell
What is ill health, according to Daly et al, 2013?
Illness and disease are not the same: can have disease without symptoms; where disease and symptoms coincide have ill health
What is sickness, according to Daly et al, 2013?
Societal perspective
Give an example of sickness
Eligibility for sick pay
Describe the biomedical model of health
• Absence of disease • Services focused on treating sick and disabled • Specialist care is highly valued • Health workers treat and sanction the sick role • Pathogenic focus emphasized need to find a cure
Describe the social model of health
• Health is a product of social, biological and environmental factors • Services emphasize all stages of treatment and prevention • More emphasis on self-help and community activity • Health workers enable people to take control over their own health • Salutogenic focus emphasizes need to understand why people are well
Describe the outcome of the Global Burden of Disease study
Life expectancy in the most deprived region of England was shorter than least deprived region (8.2 years for men and 6.9 years for women)
What are normative needs?
Defined by health professionals, based on assessment against a set of criteria
What are felt needs?
Those needs that people perceive as being important (subjective feelings of what they want)
What are expressed needs?
Arise from felt needs and are expressed in words or action and therefore become demands
What are comparative needs?
When an individual or group is compared with a similar individual or group and is considered lacking services and resources
What is impairment?
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function
What is disability?
Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner, or within a range, considered normal for a human-being
What is a handicap?
A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual
Describe the linear model of disease, according to Locker D (2008)
• Disease leads to impairment • Impairment leads to disability or handicap • Disability leads to handicap