P4 - Waves - Year 11
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What do waves transfer?
Energy
What is the distance between two peaks of a wave called?
Wavelength
What is the number of waves per second called?
Frequency
What is the maximum distance between the equilibrium line and the wave called?
Amplitude
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal
What type of wave is a light wave?
Transverse
Give two equations for wave speed
Wave speed = frequency x wavelength Wave speed = distance / time
What are the units for frequency?
Hertz, Hz
What are the units for wavelength?
m
What are the units for wave speed?
m/s
How can you measure the velocity of sound in air?
Measure the distance you are aware from an object making a sound. Record the time taken for the sound to reach you. Speed = distance / time
Should you use large or small distances when measuring the velocity of sound in air? Why?
Large distances to reduce the significance/impact of the reaction time.
How can you measure the speed of ripples on water surfaces?
Drop an object into the water. Time how long it takes one ripple/wavefront to travel a certain distance.
When waves are refracted what two properties are changed?
Direction and speed
When a wave slows down, which way does it refract?
Towards the normal
When a wave speeds up, which way does it refract?
Away from the normal
What can affect how much a wave is refracted?
Wavelength
How does wavelength affect the amount of refraction?
Short wavelengths are refracted more
Give an improvement to a method of a student using a ripple tank and measuring the wavelength of one wave.
Measure across more than one wavelength and divide by the number of wavelengths.
How can you measure the frequency of water waves?
Count the number of waves passing a point in a specific time. Use: frequency = number of waves / time.
Describe the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves
Transverse: oscillations are perpendicular to direction of wave travel. Longitudinal: oscillations are in the same direction as wave travel.