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plasmolysis
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell
what is a flaccid?
• “corresponds to a cell lacking turgidity. • They are not plump and swollen but floppy or loose, and cells have drawn in and pulled away from the cell wall. • It takes place when plant cells are in isotonic solutions.”
“water loving” - substances that readily dissolve in water
hydrophilic
“water fearing” - substances that don’t dissolve in water
hydrophobic
when solute concentration is equal on both sides of a semi-permeable membrane
isotonic
The movement of a solute accross a membrane in the direction of its concentration gradient, but that requires the use of membrane proteins to transverse the membrane
facilitated diffusion
the amount of solute per amount of solvent (ex. grams/liter)
concentration
A state in which there is an area of high solute concentration in one location and low solute concentration in another location
concentration gradient
The movement of a solute across a membrane against its concentration gradient. This process requires both membrane proteins and energy.
active transport
movement of a solute across a membrane in the direction of its concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration)
diffusion
when the concentration of a solute is lower on the side of the membrane in question than the other
hypotonic
the substance that is dissolved
solute
the movement of water across a membrane in order to equalize solute concentration
osmosis
the substance that dissolves other substances (ex. water)
solvent
when the concentration of solute is higher on one side of the membrane in question than the other
hypertonic