Topic 1 Anatomy
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What is the purpose of the Axial Skeleton
The main function of the axial skeleton is protection
What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton
The main function is movement
What are the three types of muscles
Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth muscles
What is origin
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
What is insertion
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
What are the six main functions of the skeleton
Protection, Support and Structure, Movement, Storage and release of minerals, blood cell production and storage of energy
Characteristics of muscles
Contractibility, Extensibility, Elasticity, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Nerve stimuli and Fed by capillaries
What is atrophy and hypertrophy
Atrophy- Muscle wastage caused by lack of physical activity Hypertrophy- Growth and increase of muscle size as a result of training
What is contractibility
Contractibility- The muscles contracts and generates force when stimulated by nerve
What is extensibility
The ability for muscle to extend beyond resting rate
What is elasticity
The muscles ability to return to resting length
Cardiac muscle factors
Heart muscles Involuntary control Striated muscle
Smooth muscle factors
Lines walls of organs and blood vessels Involuntary Not striated
Skeletal muscle factors
Voluntary control Striated appearance Tendons attach muscle to bone
Types of Joints
Hinge joint, Pivot Joint, Ball and socket joint, Condyloid joint, Saddle joint and Gliding joint
Example of hinge joint
Elbow
Example of ball and socket joint
Shoulder
Example of Condyloid joint
Wrist
Gliding Joint example
Ankle
Saddle Joint example
Thumb
Function of long bone
Provide strength, structure and mobility
Function of short bone
Provide stability and fine movements
Function of flat bones
Protect internal organs
Function of irregular bones
More complexed shapes