3.5 Equilibrium
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What is meant by a reversible reaction?
A reversible reaction is one in which the products, once made can react to reform the reactants
What is used to show a reversible reaction?
Reversible arrows
What is one big sample of a reversible reaction?
The Haber process to make ammonia - N² + 3H² <> 2NH³
If a reversible reaction is exothermic in one direction what is it in the reverse direction?
If a reversible reaction is exothermic and gives out heat in one direction it is the endothermic and takes in heat in the reverse reaction however the amount of energy transferred will be the same both ways
What is dynamic equilibrium ?
Dynamic equilibrium occurs in a closed system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentration of the reactants and products remain constant.
What is meant by a closed system?
A closed system is one in which no substances can get in or out (e.g a test tube or a flask containing water with a stopper is a closed system.
What is meant by an open system?
An open system allows entry and exit of substances, for example an open beaker of boiling water.
What position is equilibrium when there are more products than reactants
When there are more products than reactants, the position of equilibrium is to the right hand side
What is the position of equilibrium if there are more reactants than products?
When there are more reactants than products, the position of equilibrium is to the left hand side
What si the position of equilibrium when there is similar amount of reactants and products?
When there is a similar amount of reactants and products, the equilibrium position is in the middle
What happens to the position of equilibrium when conditions of a homogeneous reaction such as temperature, pressure or concentration are changed.
The position of equilibrium also changes and so do the relative amounts of reactants and products
What is a homogeneous reaction?
A homogeneous reaction is one in which the reactants and products are in the same phase
What is le chateliers principle ?
Le chateliers principle can be used to predict how changes in condition affect the position of equilibrium. It states that if a change is made to the conditions of a system at equilibrium, then the position of equilibrium moves to oppose the change in conditions
What does Le chateliers principle state ?
It states that if a change is made to the conditions of a system at equilibrium, then the position of equilibrium moves to oppose the change in conditions
What is the effect in changing the concentration of a reactant or product in equilibrium (in a closed system)
If the concentration of a reactant or product in equilibrium (in a closed system) is changed, according to Le chateliers principle, the position of equilibrium will move to oppose the change meaning it will try to undo the effects of the change - if more of a chemical is added, the equilibrium position moves to remove it - if some of a chemical is removed, the equilibrium position moves to make more of it
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an increase in concentration of a reactant?
The equilibrium moves to the right hand side to reduce the concentration of the reaction, oppose the change and restore equilibrium
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an decrease in concentration of a reactant?
The equilibrium moves to the left to increase concentration of the reactant, oppose the change and restore the equilibrium
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an in concentration of a reactant?
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an increase in concentration of a product?
The position of equilibrium moves to the left to reduce the concentration of the product, oppose the change and restore equilibrium
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an decrease in concentration of a product?
The position of equilibrium moves to the right to increase concentration of product, oppose the change and restore equilibrium
What is the effect of changing the temperature of an equilibrium reaction in a closed system?
If the temperature of an equilibrium reaction in a closed system is changed, according to Le chateliers principle, the position of equilibrium will move to oppose the change meaning it will move to undo the effects of the change. - in order to increase the temperature the equilibrium position moves in the exothermic direction - to decrease the temperature the equilibrium position moves in the endothermic direction
What si the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an increase in temperature for a reaction where the forward reaction is exothermic ?
The position of equilibrium moves left in the endothermic direction to decrease the temperature, oppose the change and restore equilibrium
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if there is an increase in temperature for a reaction where the forward reaction is endothermic ?
The position of equilibrium moves in the right in the endothermic direction to oppose the change and restore equilibrium