Exam 1

birth of natural history, started recording observations on shark birth and whale teeth etc

systematic identification(binomial nomenclature), plants and animals only “gods plan”

generalized classification of animals. all modern day species were strong enough to survive past catastrophes

naturalist, sailed on mediterranean on Beacon, developed azoic theory

there is no life deeper than 1800 ft. 1st marine scientific hypothesis

naturalist, disproved azoic theory in 1850 by finding 19 new species below 1800 ft

naturalist sailed on Beagle for 6 years, studied barnacles

2nd marine scientific hypothesis: coral reef on sea floor would constantly grow up while sea floor subsided, creating atolls. Confirmed by drilling 100 yrs later, only case for atolls and volcanic rock

led major expedition and also disproved azoic theory

led Challenger expedition and circumnavigated globe. sampled all waters but arctic. gave global perspective on marine biology and found 50 volumes worth of new species

disproved primordial slimes (bathybius) ability to preserve and give rise to life forms, was just side effect of preserving sea water with alcohol

famous oceanographer who directed oceanography institute and museum in Monaco. helped patent aqua-lung and spread awareness of ocean conservation

Scuba equipment, submarines, ROVs, submersible, ocean observatories

a statement that can be tested

experiments are preferred but distributional tests can also help falsify or confirm hypothesis

organism attached to ocean surface

organism swimming in ocean, capable of swimming against the current

organism floating in ocean, unable to swim against current

organism inserted into wall/ledge with appendage sticking out

organisms that live on seabed

organisms that live under sea floor and dig into sediment

organisms that dig into sediment but leave some extremities out

bottom feeders who hang on ocean floor

all bottom dwelling organisms including infaunal, epifaunal, and demersal