S.2.3 - Apply Concepts Underlying Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
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Inheritance of traits that follow Gregor Mendel’s two laws and the principle of dominance
Mendelian inheritance
A specific copy of a gene
allele
Refers to the most powerful trait or the allele for that trait
dominant
Refers to traits that are masked if dominant alleles are also present; also refers to the allele for that trait
recessive
The genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
The state of carrying different alleles of a gene; e.g., Aa
heterozygous
The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene; e.g., AA or aa
homozygous
Physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment
phenotype
A cross between parents heterozygous at two specific genes
dihybrid cross
Inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance
non-Mendelian inheritance
A pea plant has a dominant homozygous genotype. Which of the following letters best represent this genotype?
WW Capital letters are used for dominant alleles. Homozygous genotypes have two of the same alleles.
Pea plants have seeds that are either green or yellow. Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds. Two pea plants that are heterozygous for seed color are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will have green seeds?
The correct answer is 75%. Performing a Punnett square will reveal that three out of four genotypes will result in green seed phenotypes.
Which of the following best describes the expression of alleles?
Phenotype Phenotypes are the expressed traits of genotypes.
Which of the following best describes non-Mendelian inheritance patterns?
something about not following mendelian inheritance