Earth Systems

crust found under continents; made of mostly silicon, oxygen, and aluminum

the heated, liquified rock layer under the mantle. Very hot liquid iron and nickel 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Outer Core 4. Inner Core

strong eastward winds in the stratosphere which blow horizontally around the earth

A layer in the atmosphere that separates the thermosphere from outer space.

A hot spring of water that shoots water and steam into the air. This happens when magma heats the groundwater.

A very thin layer of high-temperature atmosphere that includes the ionosphere and exosphere.

a state in which a material is solid but can flow (generally slowly)

a destructive process in which rock is gradually worn away and broken into smaller sediments and/or dirt

part of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere that is solid rock in a flexible state

dead plant and animal material in the soil

The slow wearing away the surface of the land by wind or water

Plates or parts of Earth’s crust and upper mantle that move across the asthenosphere

nutrient-rich foods and drinks. They support growth, energy production, and organism maintenance.

A mass of cold, dry air that formed over land in the Arctic.

A warm, moist air mass that formed over tropical oceans

a body of water-soaked rock that is deep underground

When sands build up and stick together, they turn into rock.

the level below which the soil and rock remain saturated with water`

The crust and the top mantle make up the rigid outermost layer of the earth. Includes crust and upper mantle. Solid rock.

A mass of cold, wet air that grew over the polar seas.

the process of breaking down rocks by chemical means Ex: acid rain

A warm, dry air mass that formed over tropical landmasses

parts of the Earth’s crust moving in big ways over long periods of time.

the movement of fluid which transfers heat from one place to another