The urinary system
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may contain about _____ of body’s blood
25%
3 main parts of kidney
1) renal cortex = outer layer of connective tissues 2)renal medulla inner layer 3) renal pelvis = hollow chamber that joins kidney with ureter (tubes that connect the kidneys to bladder)
Each nephron is surrounded by a network of _________ closest connection to the circulatory system is at the ________ which surrounds a cluster of capillaries called the _________ Fluids to be processed into urine then diffuse from the ________ into the Bowman’s capsule and then move through the tubule to be _________
Capillaries Bowman’s capsule glomerulus glomerulus
3 functions of kidney
filtration selective reabsorptions secretion
Filtration
movement of fluids from blood into Bowman’s capsule how filtration occurs blood pressure from heart at glomerulus drives filtration, the pressure filterst the blood by forcing water and solutes out from the glomerular capillaries into the bowmans capsule which is Permeable to H2O, NaCl, gluecose, amino acids, H+, urea Impermeable to plasma proteins, blood cells, platelets (these are all too big)
what generates blood pressure during filtration
the heart beat that drives filtration at glomerulus
how does filtering occur in filtration,
the pressure created from the heart beat filters the blood by forcing water and solutes out from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule which is; Permeable to H 2 O, NaCl, glucose, amino acids, H + , urea Impermeable to plasma proteins, blood cells, platelets (these are too big)
what is filtration permeable to what is filtration impermeable to
H2O, NaCl, glucose, amino acids, H+ urea plasma proteins, blood cells, platelets
Selective reabsorption about ___ ml of fluid flows through the kidneys every _____ and _____ ml of that is filtered into the ________ Luckily ________ is reabsorbed so that you wont produce 120 ml of urine a minute, therefore you only produce ___ ml of urine what two molecules are reabsorbed back into blood stream during selective reabsorption and what molecule does this Reabsorption occurs until ?
600 120 nephrons 119ml 1ml glucose and amino acids and this is done by a specific carrier molecule Reabsorption occurs until threshold levels are reached
true or false solutes which are transported out of the nephron also draw water from the nephron
true
• Secretion substances secreted may be….\ where does the majority of secretion occur the fluid arriving in the distal tube is ? c or d how does the distal tubes structure provide energy for active transport
nitrogenous wastes (NH 3 , urea), excess H + , minerals such as K+, and drugs distal tube dilute but can be concentrated if the need arrives cells lining the distal tubule are loaded with mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
arterioles delivering the blood to the glomerulus have a _________ and less resistance to flow than the ____________ the blood dams up in the glomerulus, increasing the pressure for ______
wider diameter vessels carrying blood away filtration
Bladder capacity: when the bladder contains 200 ml of urine, what happens when the bladder reaches 400ml what happens when the bladder reaches 600ml what happens
Bladder capacity: when the bladder contains 200 mL of urine, it stretches and sends a signal to the brain (“I have to pee!!”) when the bladder reaches 400 mL, more stretch receptors are activated and message becomes more urgent (“I really have to pee!!”) If ignored, once bladder reaches 600 mL, the urinary sphincter relaxes, and urine is dumped into the urethra and is expunged (“Uh oh…”)
what transports glucose and amino acids back into blood stream
a specific carrier molecules
where does secretion happen the most?
distal tube