comm-25 final review
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What is argumentation?
essential in a democratic society and democratic political systems where citizens make decisions on complex issues
Argumentation
the reasoning aspect
Persuasion
the passionate or emotional aspect
What are ethics?
Morally-based rules (A set of values focused on motives)
Elm model
Looking at different perspectives on communication
Peripheral
based on cues
Central route
based on understanding and building a connection
what did Aristotle contribute
defined rhetoric and created modes of proof
Ethos
ethical appeal,
Pathos
emotional appeal
Logos
logic or reasoning
burden of proof
which side in a debate must prove the established view is wrong
Inherency
a barrier that keeps harm from being solved in the status quo
proposition
identifies the topic and argument
Factual propositions
usually argued on the basis of trends.
Value propositions
look at artifacts that reflect society’s values (the American Flag).
Policy propositions
look at existing propositions and those of the past created satisfaction or dissatisfaction to identify where a change is needed.
Singular propositions
looks at one topic
Comparative propositions
compares two topics.
Value object
the topic being evaluated
Value Judgment
the evaluation made
define terms and add clarity
the typical way a term is used, a qualified authority, the operation of a term, negation, compare and contrast, derivation.
Stock Issues
the answers the affirmative must answer for a given proposition and the negative must poke holes in.
Primary inference
the conclusion you draw about what you believe the proposition means based on the information contained in definitions of key terms.