biological molecules: lipids

non polar insoluble

1 glycerol 3 fatty acids - carboxylic acids

esster bond and esterification another condensation reaction making 3 water molecules

no double bonds

double bonds 1 double bond - monounsaturated 2+ double bonds - polyunsaturated

molecule kinds/bends so they cannot fold together closely means liquid at room temperature and more described as oils

modified triglycerides soluble

hydrophobic tails - nonpolar hydrophilic head - charged

form a layer on teh surface of the water phosphate heads in the water and the fatty acids tails sticking out

they seperate an aqueous enviroment from ells which exist from the aqueous cytosol within cells

a sterol liver and intestines important role in cell membrane formation adds stability to cell membranes and regulates their fluidity be keeping them fluid at low temps and stops them being too fluid at high temps vitamin D bile

membrane formation hormone production electrical insulation waterproofing

thermal insulaltion to reduce heat loss eg penguins cushioning to protect vital organs eg heart buoyancy for aquatic animals like whales

emulsion test sample mixed with ethanol - resulting solution is mixed with water and shaken if white emulsion is formed on top of solution it indicates a presence of lipid if clear its negative

cholesterol is used to make bile which is stored in the gall bladder if there is excessive cholesterol this can lead to the formation of gallstones which can block the bile duct

cholesterol can be deposited in the inner linings of blood vessels which can lead tp the ndition athersclerosis in which clots may form inside the blood vessel if its in a blood vessel supplying the heart it could result in a heart attack