UNIT 3 - Nuclear Chemistry
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what does the stability of an atomic nucleus depend on?
the proton:neutron ratio
what is the required neutron:proton ratio for smaller elements?
1:1
what is the required neutron:proton ratio for larger (and heavier) elements?
15:1
what is radioactivity?
the result of unstable nuclei rearranging to form stable nuclei with emission of energy
what is radiation connected with?
radiation is connected solely with the nucleus
what is radiation independent of?
physical state of the element and is not affected when the element forms compounds
what is alpha radiation (α)?
slow moving positively charged particles attracted to the negative plate
what is beta radiation (β)?
fast moving negatively charged particles attracted to the positive plate
what is gamma radiation (γ)?
electromagnetic radiation travelling at the speed of light with no deflection
what is the nature of alpha radiation?
helium nucleus
what is the nature of beta radiation?
electron
what is the nature of gamma radiation?
EMR
what is the nature of radiation?
what its similar to
what is the symbol for alpha radiation?
⁴₂He
what is the symbol for beta radiation?
0 -1e
what is the symbol for gamma radiation?
doesnt have one
what is the charge on alpha radiation?
2+
what is the charge on beta radiation?
1-
what is the charge on gamma radiation?
doesnt have one
what is the mass of an alpha radiation particle?
4 amu
what is the mass of a beta radiation particle?
1/2000 amu
what is the mass of a gamma radiation particle?
none
what happens when a radioactive isotope decays by alpha emission?
the nucleus loses 2 protons and two neutrons
what is transmutation?
when the number of protons changes, causing the element to change