Week 4
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Chemoreceptors in Medulla will sense what?
PH change of CSF Increase in PCO2
Carotid Chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in what?
Arterial PO2, PCO2 and PH
Aortic Chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in what?
Arterial PCO2 & PH
What are muscle Metaboreceptors ?
Muscular Chemoreceptors
What activates a Muscle Metaboreceptor to signal the respiratory system ?
Decreased muscular PH and increased extracellular K+
At rest, what has the most influence on Pulmonary Ventilation?
Chemical state of blood (Humoral factors)
In alveoli, what is considered critically low O2?
60mmHg
What is the Hypothalamus’ role in in Ventilation ?
Controls the duration and intensity of the respiratory cycle
What are the two main sub-divisions of regulating Pulmonary Ventilation at rest and during exercise ?
Cortical influence Peripheral Influence
At the onset of exercise, what happens to Ventilation
Rapid increase
During exercise, when is the first plateau in RR?
After the onset of exercise, right before phase 2 occurs
What occurs in phase 2 of exercise in regards to Ventilation rate ?
A second rise in Vent. Rate occurs
During exercise, at which of the 3 stages does steady state occur
Third
Define Ventilatory Threshold
the level at which energy demands can no longer be met by O2 alone
Define Lactate Threshold
Point of increased Lactate accumulation
What concentration of blood Lactate signifies OBLA has been reached ?
4 mM
What are the four factors influencing OBLA
Muscle fibre type Capillary density Mitochondrial size and number Enzyme concentrations
What is the reaction by which the body removes H+ from the body through ventilation ?
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3
List 4 Adaptations to Aerobic training
Type 1 fibre size and number increase Increase capillary supply to each muscle fibre Increased myoglobin content Increase activity of oxidative enzymes
Define O2 Deficit
Difference between total O2 consumption during exercise and O2 that would have been consumed had steady state consumption been achieved from the start “ a lag in O2 uptake”