sc7, types of substances (paper 1 and 2)
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describe the physical properties of simple molecular covalent
low melting and boiling points (weak intermolecular forces)
describe the physical properties of giant covalent molecular
high melting and boiling points
describe the physical properties of metallic
high melting anf boiling points
describe the solubility of simple molecular covalent
a few are soluble in water
describe the solubility of giant covalent molecular
insoluble in water
describe the solubility of metallic
insoluble in water
describe the conductivity of simple molecular covalent
most don’t conduct heat and electricity
describe the conductivity of giant covalent molecular
most don’t conduct heat and electricity
describe the conductivity of metallic
conduct in solid and liquid
describe where simple molecular covalent structures can be found
most non-metal elements and compounds
describe where giant covalent molecular structures can be found
a few non-metal elements and compounds
describe where metallic structures can be found
in all metals
describe the structure of simple molecular covalent
molecules consisting of a few atoms
describe the structure of giant covalent molecular
billions of atoms held together in a lattice structure in covalent bonds
describe the structure of metallic
• billions of ion held together with electrostatic forces • in a giant lattice structure of positive ions in a sea of delocalized electrons
explain why metallic structures are malleable/ductile
layers of positive ions / atoms can slide over each other
define allotrope
different structurak forms of the same element in the same physical state
what are the two main examples of allotropes of carbon
diamond and graphite
what types of structures are diamond and graphite
giant covalent structure
properties of diamond
• each atom covalently bonded to four others • high melting + boiling points • hard • sparkly in light • doesn’t conduct
properties of graphite
• each weakly atom covalently bonded to three others • high melting point • slippery, soft • can conduct (each element has 1 delocalized electron)
define fullerene
when a sheet a graphite (graphene) can be isolated and made into other structures
what are the two main examples of fullerenes of graphite
buckyballs (more specifically buckministerfullerene, C60) and nanotubes
how can molecules also form polymers
they are made of monomers, repeating units of small, simple molecules joined in a chain