Final

Continuous, discrete, nominal, ordinal, and binary

measured data

observations can only exist at limited values; often counts

unordered descriptions

ordered descriptions

only 2 mutually exclusive outcomes

salinity, flow, nutrients & oxygen, temperature, seasonality, and depth

Temperature & precipitation, seasonality, and dominant life forms

• replication • transcription • translation

the DNA replicates itself

the DNA is transcribed into RNA

the RNA forms amino acids

mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection

ultimate source of genetic variation

stabilizing; keeps 2 populations similar

change in allele frequency- evolution NOT fitness

organisms with a higher fitness produce more offspring

when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviors

tertiary consumers structure the community

primary producer cycles structure the community

shows the spread of pathogens

Species must constantly evolve and adapt in order to survive and avoid extinction

the process by which genomes of asexual populations irreversibly accumulate deleterious mutations

1 or both species cannot survive without the other