Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Thin coat of phospholipids that surrounds a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells; that cells are alive and the site of all life processes; and that all cells come form pre-existing cells.

Material inside the cell membrane, including the watery cytosine and other cell structures except the nucleus if one is present.

Organism that has cells with a nucleus; organisms in the Eukarya Domain.

Cell where most of the cell’s DNA is enclosed in a nucleus and which has other membrane-bound organelles.

Organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains most of the cell’s DNA.

Structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task.

Any structure inside a eukaryotic cell that is enclosed by a membrane and does a special job inside the cell.

Group of organs that work together to do the same overall job.

Single-called organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; organism in the Archaea or Bacteria Domain.

A cell in which the cell’s DNA is not enclosed within a nucleus and which lacks other membrane-bound organelles.

Structure found in the cytoplasm of all cells that consists of RNA and proteins and is the site of protein synthesis.

Group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function.

Small molecule that cells use for energy.

Rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell or final cell that supports and protects the cell.

Large storage sac found in the cell’s of plants.

Organelle in animal cells that is located near the nucleus and organizes the DNA prior to cell division, ensuring that the DNA divides correctly when the nucleus divides.

Structure in a cell consisting of filaments and tubules that crisscross the ctyoplasm and help maintain the cell’s shape.

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that consists of folded membrane and that helps make and transport proteins and lipids; types include rough ER and smooth ER.

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that receives, labels, and sends proteins and lipids where they are needed.

organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses enzymes to break down molecules so their components can be recycled.

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses energy in glucose to make ATP, which cells can use for energy.

sac-like organelle in a cell that stores materials in the cell.

Sac-like organelle smaller than a vacuole that may have a variety of functions, such as storing and transporting substances or providing a chamber for biochemical reactions.