1.1 DNA, Chromosomes and Genes
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DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is
The chemical component found in the nucleus that stores coded instructions
what is the structure of DNA
double helix and anti-parallel (the two strands run in different directions)
three components of a nucleotide
• sugar • phosphate • nitrogenous base
The basic units (monomers) of DNA are called
nucleotides
the four nitrogenous bases in DNA are
• adenine • thymine • guanine • cytosine
a pairs with
t
t pairs with
a
g pairs with
c
c pairs with
g
A chromosome is
a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23
number of chromosomes =
number of centromeres
sex chromosomes are
chromosomes involved in sex determination
what pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes in humans
23rd pair
female chromosomes are
XX
male chromosomes are
XY
what are autosomal chromosomes
any chromosomes other than sex chromosomes
what pairs are autosomal chromosomes
the first 22 pairs in humans
a karyotype is a picture of
all the homologous chromosomes in a cell, arranged from largest to smallest.
what are genes
a section of DNA, which contains a particular set of instructions
specific genes are
located on the same chromosomes
Genes are codes which
produce specific proteins
after chromosomes are joined together they are called
sister chromatids