2.2-2.3 The Nuclear atom and electronic configurations
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electromagnetic Spectrum
a range of frequencies that covers all electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and energy
what is the electromagnetic spectrum divided into?
it is divided into bands and regions
which type of chemistry is the electromagnetic spectrum important for?
analytical chemistry
what relationship does the spectrum show
the relationship between frequency, wavelength and energy
frequency
how many waves pass per second
wavelength
the distance between two consecutive peaks on the wave
which types of waves are dangerous and why?
gamma rays, x rays, and UV radiation are all dangerous. they have a high frequency and high energy which is damaging to your health
order of waves from lowest energy to highest
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays and gamma rays
a lower energy results in
a long wavelength, a low frequency
a higher energy results in
a shorter wavelength, a high frequency
all light waves travel at the same
speed
what distinguishes light waves?
their diffrent frequencies
speed of light symbol and its value
the speed of light symbol is a constant “c” and has a value of 3.00 x 10^8 ms^-1
what is frequency inversely proportional to?
frequency “f” is inversely proportional to wavelength ( λ) the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
equation that links constant, frequency and wavelength
c=fλ
continous spectrum
a visible region that contains all the colours of the spectrum what you see in a rainbow, which is formed by the refraction of white light through a prism or water droplets in air
a line specrum only shows
certain frequencies
what does the helium spectrum diagram show?
the line spectrum of helium shows only certain frequencies of light. it tells us that the emitted light from the atoms can only be certain fixed frequencies- it is quantised quanta = “little packet”
electrons can only possess…. amount of energy
certain amounts of energy, they cannot have any energy value
where and how do electrons move
electrons move rapidly around the nucleus in energy shells
what happens to electrons when energy is increased? is the process reversible?
If their energy is increased, then they can jump to a higher energy level the process is reversible, so electrons can return to their original energy levels, when this happens they emit energy the frequency of enrgy is exactly the same, it just gets emitted instead of absorbed
what does the diffrence between absorption and emission depend on
it depends on whether the electrons are jumping from lower to higher energy levels or the other way around
the energy electrons emit is what does it correspond to what to do when energy is emitted in the visible region, what does it result in
a mixture of diffrent frequencies which is thought to correspond to the many posssibilities of electron jumps between energy shells if the the energy is emitted in the visible region, it can be analysed by passing it through a driffraction grating the result is a lien emission spetrum
spectrum of hydrogen diagram what does each line have and what does this suggest
each line is a specific energy value this suggests that electrons can only possess a limited choice of allowed energies