Apoptosis
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What is apoptosis?
• is the process of programmed cell death • when cells in a multicellular organism deliberately destroy themselves
How does apoptosis work?
• cytoskeleton is hydrolyzed by enzymes • cell membrane forms blebs (small balges) • cell breaks up into membrane bound fragments • which are removed by phagocytosis
how is apoptosis regulated?
• Homeobox genes control the rate of mitosis by apoptosis in different tissues • controls the development of body plans • DNA replication error • cells will trigger apoptosis to prevent mutations spreading e.g. cause cancer • starvation -> break down muscles for respiration
what are the uses of apoptosis?
• removing unnecessarily body structures e.g. separating webbed fingers (embroys) removing tadpoles tails • removing old cells • rate of mitosis = rate of apoptosis • apoptosis and mitosis are essential in the development of body plans
where is apoptosis and mitosis essential for?
• apoptosis and mitosis are essential in the development of body plans