3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer