Lesson 2 Exercise and Metabolism
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What does VO2 reflect?
level of energy expenditure
How is VO2 measured?
L/min or mL/min
What is VO2max?
maximal capacity of the CV system to deliver oxygenated blood to dynamically working muscle
Where does the body store most of its glycogen in percentage?
muscle: 79.5% liver: 20% plasma: <0.5%
What does muscle glycogen do?
provides fuel for muscular contractin
What does liver glycogen do?
provides temporary storage of glucose and helps maintain glucose levels during fasting and exercise
How is fat stored in the body?
triglycerides
Where is fat stored in the body?
• 95% adipose tissue • plasma • muscle • liver
Where is protein stored in the body?
• skeletal muscle: 50-75% • plasma membranes • globular proteins • free amino acids in blood • no amino acid reserves in body
What is resting metabolic rate?
rate of energy expenditure which is require at complete rest for cell function, temp reg, and maintaining systems
What is the typical RMR?
1100-2500
What are the body’s readily available fuel sources?
CHOs and FATs
Which fuel systems are used at high, medium, and low intensity?
high: PCr medium: glycolysis low: aerobic
What do the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) do?
• increase FFA supply by stimulating lipolysis • stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver • stimulate glycogenolysis in SM • inhibit insulin release and stimulate glucagon
What does growth hormone do?
• increase FFA supply stimulating lipolysis • stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver • attenuates glucose uptake in SM • indirectly promotes growth and repair of SM
What does cortisol do?
• stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenloysis in liver • attenuates glucose uptake in SM • increase FFA supply by stimulating lipolysis in adipose tissue • aids in recovery and repair after strenuous exercise
What does glucagon do?
• stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver • increases FFA by stimulating lypolysis
What does insulin do?
• stimulates the uptake of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver • inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue • inhibits glucose release in liver
Which hormones increase with increase in exercise intensity and duration?
catecholamines, growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon
Which hormone decrease with increase in exercise intensity and duration?
insulin
What happens as exercise duration increases?
more fat and less CHO burned, more from plasma sources and not endogenous sources
What happens as exercise intensity increases?
greater proportion of ATP derived from glycolysis
Which energy pathways are relied upon during low and high intensity exercise?
low: aerobic (CHO and fat) high: anaerobic
Which hormones stimulate and inhibit lipolysis?
stimulate: growth hormone, cortisol, testosterone inhibit: insulin