Plasma Proteins - Introduction and Methods of Analysis
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What percentage of whole blood is plasma
55%
What is plasma composed of?
Water (92%) Proteins (4%) Lipids (3%) Other solutes (1%)
What proteins are found in plasma (4)
60% albumin 35% globulins 4% fibrinogen 1% regulatory hormones
What does albumin do (3)
Contributes to plasma osmotic pressure Binds to hormones and inactivates them Transports lipids
What do globulins do?
Transport ions, hormones, immune function
What does fibrinogen do
Essential component of clotting system
What are regulatory proteins
Enzymes and hormones
How many plasma proteins are there
150+
What is the range of sizes in plasma proteins
Between 21 kDa and 971 KDa
What is plasma vs serum
Plasma = anticoagulant added - contains all clotting proteins Serum = allowed to clot - clotting removes many proteins especially fibrinogen so the total protein concentration will be lower
What is the role of plasma proteins (4)
They are trapped in the vascular system -> cant fit in capillaries They provide a colloidal osmotic pressure They maintain normal blood volume Maintain normal water load in interstitial fluid and tissues
What is the intracellular compartment
Consists of the fluid inside of cells
What is the extracellular compartment
Consists of the interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid (plasma)
How is total body water distributed
2/3 is in the intracellular fluid compartment 1/3 in the extracellular fluid compartment
What makes up extracellular fluid
75% interstitial fluid 25% intravascular fluid/plasma
What proteins are responsible for transport/binding
Albumin Apolipoprotein Haptoglobin Thyroxine binding protein
What protein is responsible for oncotic pressure
Albumin
List some enzyme inhibitor proteins (3)
Alpha-1-antitrypsin Cystatin C C 1-esterase inhibitor
List three immune defence proteins
Immunoglobulins Complement C-reactive protein
List three acute phase proteins
C-reactive protein Alpha 1 acid-glycoprotein Serum amyloid A (SAA)
List some proteins with enzymatic activity (5)
Complement C3 Complement C4 Haptoglobin Cerulopasmin (CER) Alpha-1-antitrypsin
List some tissue derived proteins (5)
Fibrinogen Antithrombin Coagulation factors Proteins of the fibrinolysis process Fibronectin
Where are most proteins synthesised
The liver
Where are gamma globulins synthesised
Synthesised and secreted by plasma cells