The protein secretory pathway
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where are proteins intended for export from the cell synthesised
at the ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
function of the rough er
the proteins move through the lumen of the rough er towards the golgi apparatus, this also asists with protein folding
structure of the golgi body
stack of 4-8 flattened sacs called cisternae, cis flaces the rough er, medial is the middle, trans faces away from rough er
function of the golgi appartus
the proteins move through tthe cisternae as resident enzymes add or remove sugars and add phosphate or sulphate groups, these modifications act as shipping labels, golgi packages proteins into secretory vesicles
once a vesicle is relased from the golgi what happens
the cargo proteins bind to specific embrane bound receptor proteins withi the vesicles, changing their shape, creating a ‘shipping label’
how do vesicles reach the membrane
over short distances, they can diffuse, over long distances they are carried by motor proteins along the microtubuules of the cytoskeleton
what happens once tthe vesicles reach the cell membrane
they fuse with it and let the protein into the extracellular fluid