Blood glucose and obesity
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What is glucose stored as and where is it stored?
• Glycogen • the liver
What can consistently high blood glucose levels lead to?
blood vessel damage which causes: • peripheral vascular disease • cardiovascular disease -stroke • microvascular disease ( damage to retina or kidney • peripheral nerve dysfunction
Explain what happens when there is a rise in blood glucose levels to?
• pancreas triggers secretion of insulin • insulin travels to the liver where it binds to insulin receptors • This causes glucose to be converted to glycogen • This reduces blood glucose levels
Explain what happens when there is a drop in blood glucose levels?
• Pancreas increases the secretion of glucagon • glucagon travels to the liver and catalyses the conversion of glycogen to glucose. • blood glucose levels increase due to glucose being released by the liver
What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?
antagonistic relationship - they have a negative feedback effect on each other
what hormone is produced in a fight or flight situation to increase blood glucose levels?
adrenaline
What is the difference in the cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
• type 1 diabetes is caused by pancreatic cells inability to produce insulin • type 2 diabetes is caused by the insensitivity of the insulin receptors for the insulin.
What is the difference in the stages of life which type 1 and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed at?
• type 1 occurs in early childhood • type 2 is usually later in life
difference in treatment between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
• type 1 treated by regular insulin injections • type 2 treated by regularly exercising, losing weight and controlling diet
What is obesity?
A condition characterised by accumulation of excess body fat in relation to lean tissue.
What is obesity a risk factor for?
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
how do you calculate a persons BMI?
weight(Kg)/ Height squared (metres)
What do different BMI ranges mean?
20-25= normal 26-30= overweight 31-40= obese over 40 = morbidly obese
Why is BMI not always reliable?
People with a lot of muscle mass will be incorrectly classified as obese
How can obese people change their lifestyle to improve their health and weight?
• Reduce energy intake by limiting consumption of fat and free sugars • regular exercise
what are the benefits of regular exercise?
• reduction is cardiovascular disease risk • increase in HDL levels • decrease in hypertension and stress