NUTRITION & EXERCISE – ENERGY FOR REST & ACTIVITY
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The body can create energy (ATP) under two main conditions name and explain them
• Rest conditions - Sufficient 02 for the body to continue to functioning at resting level • Active Conditions - Insufficient O2 Insufficient O2 available for the body to continue to function at a given level without a significant increase in O2 intake either during or after exercise
ATP production during rest conditions uses primarily what and why
• Fat as it is a richer energy source than CHO.
Exercising at sub-maximal levels can typically be met by the what system?
• Can be met by the aerobic system as the body’s ability to utilise O2 can meet the muscle’s demand for extra O2 for greater ATP production
Anaerobic systems can produce ATP very quickly, however, they have the following disadvantages list all 2
• Produce fatiguing by-products • Produce a limited amount
Define the “crossover concept” and what is it used for
is a theoretical model that explains the balance of CHO and Fat usage during sustained exercise. • Used to show at which points the CHO dominates over the fats.
The “crossover concept” also tells additional info what is it
• It also shows that trained individuals are able to delay the switch from fat to CHO in low to moderate intensity, delaying and preserving glycogen
Briefly explain what happens when athletes “hit the wall”
There is enough glycogen in the muscles for up to 60mins, (depending on CHO loading and intensity) but when the glycogen runs out “athletes hit the wall”
What happens when muscle glycogen runs out and why is it negative
Stored liver glycogen becomes the primary fuel source, allowing exercise to continue, but performance diminishes.
When the liver glycogen depletes what happens to the brain
• Affects the brain’s decision-making ability
What happens when the liver glycogen runs out and why is what happens negative
• The body utilises the fats • But this is negative as fats require more complex chemical reactions and oxygen to break down and release the needed energy
What happens when fats become depleted
• Protein become the main fuel source