Chapter 6 - Memory and Data Storage
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What is a Musical Instrument digital interface?
MIDI for short the storage of music files - consists of lists of commands which instruct a device on how to produce a musical note/sound
What is MPEG-3 (MP3)?
uses audio compression to store music in MP3 file format
What is MPEG-4 (MP4)?
can store multimedia rather than just music
What is Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)?
JPEG uses a lossy format file compression method to store photographs at a reduced file size
What is lossless file compression?
all the data from the original files are reconstructed when the file is uncompressed
What is lossy file compression?
unnecessary data is removed forming a file that cannot be reconstructed to its original file
What are examples of primary memory?
RAM, SRAM, DRAM, ROM
What are examples of secondary storage?
hard disk drives solid-state drives offline storage (CDs, DVDs, DVD-RAM, DVD-ROM and blu-ray disks)
Why are MIDI files so small?
don’t contain actual audio tracks suitable for storing sounds/music on devices with limited memory
What is perceptual music shaping?
removing sounds that the human ear can not clearly distinguish
How is text usually stored?
ASCII file format lossless: accuracy of data is important
Which primary memory is volatile?
RAM
Can RAM be written to and read from?
yes
How does DRAM work?
needs to be constantly refreshed to retain the data uses millions of transistors and capacitators
How does SRAM work?
does not need to be constantly refreshed to retain its data uses flip-flops
Which primary memory is non-volatile?
ROM
What does ROM store?
used to store start-up procedures or BIOS
What do hard disk drives use?
circular platters coated in magnetic material
What is used so that all surfaces can be accessed?
read-write heads
How is data stored in hard disk drives?
sectors and tracks in block
What is latency?
the time taken for a specific block of data on a track to rotate around to the read-write head
Why is latency not an issue in SSD?
they have no moving parts all data retrieved at the same rate therefore no latency
What do the most common types of SSD use to control the movement of electrons (and therefore data)?
NAND chips
What do EEPROMS (electronically erasable programable read-only memory) use?
NOR chips