plants

lateral meristem that produces a tough protective covering for the surface of stems and roots.

lateral meristem that produces new xylem and phloem cells in the stem and roots.

tough, protective layer of parenchyma cells that covers the tip of a root.

cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata; regulate the flow of water vapor from leaf tissue.

nucleated cells that help transport sugars and other organic compounds through the sieve cells of the phloem.

hollow, tubular cells in the xylem; conduct water and dissolve minerals from the roots to the stem; have open ends through which water passes freely from cell to cell.

anthophyte fertilization in which one sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm joins with the central cell.

in seed plants, structure in which the male gametophyte develops; consists of sperm cells, nutrients, and a protective outer covering.

regions of actively dividing cells near the tips of roots and stems; allows roots and stems to increase in length.

responsive movement of a plant not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.

two nuclei in the center of the egg sac of a flowering plant that become the triploid (3n) endosperm when joined with a sperm during double fertilization.

plants that do not hav vascular tissues.

plants that drop all of their leaves each fall or when water is scarce or unavailable; an adaptation for reducing water loss when water is unavailable.

plants that have vascular tissues; enables taller growth and survival on land.

type of asexual reproduction in plants where a new plant is produced from existing plant organs or parts of organs.

tissues found in vascular plants composed of tubelike, elongated cells through which water, food, and other materials are transported throughout the plant; include xylem and phloem.

tubular cells in phloem; each cell lacks a nucleus.

a plant organ of seed plants consisting of an embryo, a food supply, and a protective coat; protects the embryo from drying out and also can aid in dispersal.

anthophyte that has a life span of two years.

anthophyte that lives for one year or less.

anthophyte that lives for several years.

any part of a plant that stores sugars produced during photosynthesis.

beginning of the development of an embryo into a new plant.

chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part, where it causes a physiological change.